Journal
CURRENT STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 9-15Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/157488809787169048
Keywords
FRS2; adaptor; embryonic stem (ES) cells; iPS cells; trophoblast stem (TS) cells; neural stem cells
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan
- Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan for Cancer research
- Naito Foundation
- Cell Science Research Foundation
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Since the discovery of stem cells, scientists have invested tremendous effort in establishing in vitro culture conditions in order to maintain the self-renewal and efficient proliferative capabilities of stem cells by manipulating a variety of growth factors. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is one of the most common growth factors used to expand stem cells, including human embryonic stem (hES) cells and several tissue type-specific stem cells. Moreover, it has been recently recognized that FGF is useful for culturing cancer stem cells derived from various types of human tumor tissues, such as brain and breast tumors. The molecular mechanisms underlying the control of stemness by FGF have remained elusive for a long time. The main signal transduction pathway initiated at the FGF receptors leads to the activation of Ras/ERK pathways via the control center FRS2. Recent emerging evidence suggests that the FGF-ERK axis controls stemness via multiple modes of action. I would like to summarize current understanding of this subject from recent discoveries in this field.
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