Journal
COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE
Volume 4, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019695
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Funding
- European Commission (FINSysB) [PITN-GA-2008-214004]
- International Leibniz Research School for Microbial and Biomolecular Interactions (ILRS)
- excellence graduate school Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC)
- ERA-NET Patho-GenoMics Program (Candicol) [BMBF 0315 901 B]
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) [BMBF 01EO1002]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Hu 528/15, Hu 528/16, Hu 528/17]
- European Commission (STRIFE) [ERC-2009-AdG-249793]
- UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council [BBS/B/06679, BB/C510391/1, BB/D009308/1, BB/F000111/1, BB/F010826/1, BB/F00513X/1, BB/K017365/1]
- Wellcome Trust [080088, 097377]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/D009308/1, BB/F010826/1, BB/K017365/1, BBS/B/06679, BB/F000111/1, BB/F00513X/1, BB/C510391/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/F000111/1, BB/F00513X/1, BB/F010826/1, BB/D009308/1, BB/K017365/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Fungal pathogens must assimilate local nutrients to establish an infection in their mammalian host. We focus on carbon, nitrogen, and micronutrient assimilation mechanisms, discussing how these influence host-fungus interactions during infection. We highlight several emerging trends based on the available data. First, the perturbation of carbon, nitrogen, or micronutrient assimilation attenuates fungal pathogenicity. Second, the contrasting evolutionary pressures exerted on facultative versus obligatory pathogens have led to contemporary pathogenic fungal species that display differing degrees of metabolic flexibility. The evolutionarily ancient metabolic pathways are conserved in most fungal pathogen, but interesting gaps exist in some species (e. g., Candida glabrata). Third, metabolic flexibility is generally essential for fungal pathogenicity, and in particular, for the adaptation to contrasting host microenvironments such as the gastrointestinal tract, mucosal surfaces, bloodstream, and internal organs. Fourth, this metabolic flexibility relies on complex regulatory networks, some of which are conserved across lineages, whereas others have undergone significant evolutionary rewiring. Fifth, metabolic adaptation affects fungal susceptibility to antifungal drugs and also presents exciting opportunities for the development of novel therapies.
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