A scoping review of the use of theory in studies of knowledge translation

Background. Advancing the science of knowledge translation (KT) in occupational therapy is critical Explicit application of theory can advance this science; yet, how theory is applied and the degree to which it can guide research remain poorly defined. Purpose. To understand how theory is applied within KT research. Methods. A scoping review was conducted to examine and summarize the extent, range, and nature of the application of three specific KT theories: Diffusion of Innovations, Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, and Theory of Planned Behaviour. Findings. Theory use was seen most frequently in medicine and nursing. Only 3 of 90 articles were in rehabilitation. Five approaches to theory application were found, the most common being the use of to predict success of KT (57/90). Implications. In-depth study of the importance and methods of theory application in KT research is needed, in particular in occupational therapy.