Journal
IEEE JOURNAL ON EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages 443-455Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JETCAS.2015.2462093
Keywords
Consensus algorithm; distributed interface converters (DICs); droop control; micro-grid (MG); transient energy function (TEF); virtual synchronous generator (VSG)
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Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 102-2221-E-007-074, MOST 103-2221-E-007-084, MOST 104-2221-E-007-083, MOST 104-3113-E-002-013]
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taiwan [1042001INER025]
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As the penetration of renewable energy sources is increasing in the AC micro-grid, the stability of the closed-loop system has raised a major concern since conventional distributed interface converters (DICs) used in the AC micro-grid do not have a rotating mass, and hence low inertia. High penetration of DIC-based micro-grid may result in poor frequency and voltage response during large disturbance. In order to overcome this difficulty, the virtual synchronous generator (VSGs) was proposed recently in which the DIC mimics conventional synchronous generators (SGs) by designing proper parameters of the SG into each local droop control mechanism of the DIC. Meanwhile, due to the recent advances of distributed control, the concept of consensus-based control can be applied to study this droop control problem of VSGs. One important feature of this consensus-based control is that it can be implemented on each local DIC with communications among their neighboring DICs. In contrast to most existing secondary control schemes, no central controller is required. Under this framework, if DICs are redesigned as VSGs, the frequency and voltage of each DIC can be restored to their pre-specified values obtained from the steady-state analysis. In addition, the proper real and reactive power sharing still can be achieved according to the nominal rating of each DIC. The stability of the closed-loop system is ensured by the transient energy function under certain mild conditions. Numerical experiments of a 14-bus/6-DIC micro-grid system on real-time simulators are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control mechanism.
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