The feasibility of using treated industrial wastewater to produce concrete

We studied the feasibility of reusing of treated industrial wastewater from Tehran Refinery and Distribution Company in the production of concrete. Three types of concrete samples with 350, 400, and 450kg/m(3) of cement were made with two different types of water, including drinking water and treated industrial wastewater. The results indicated that the use of treated industrial wastewater in the production of concrete instead of drinking water resulted in a 6.9% decreased in compressive strength of cement sand mortar at the age of 28days. Nevertheless, the strength of cement mortar satisfied the standard of ASTM C109/C109M-16a. The compressive strength of concrete sample produced using treated industrial wastewater decreased by 8.7%; however, the results complied with BS EN 1008. The results of final setting time of cement paste made with treated industrial wastewater had 17min delay related to using drinking water. Nonetheless, the results satisfy ASTMC191-13. Normal consistency of hydraulic cement, water absorption percentage, the air content of freshly mixed concrete, and concrete density of concrete samples made with treated industrial wastewater did not change significantly related to concrete samples made with drinking water. Similarly, the results of electrical resistivity of concrete samples increased by an average 7.7%, while using treated wastewater instead of drinking water. Nevertheless, the chlorine ion penetration potential was very low. As a result, we could use the treated industrial wastewater for producing concrete.