Journal
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
Volume 3, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/scrt111
Keywords
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [Z01 AR41131]
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Health
- Department of Defense at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (Department of the Army) [PO5 A011]
- Department of the Army [W81XWH 10 2 0084, W81XWH 10 2 0085, D10_I_AR_J8_981]
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Scars are a consequence of cutaneous wound healing that can be both unsightly and detrimental to the function of the tissue. Scar tissue is generated by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix tissue by wound healing fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and although it is inferior to the uninjured skin, it is able to restore integrity to the boundary between the body and its environment. Scarring is not a necessary process to repair the dermal tissues. Rather, scar tissue forms due to specific mechanisms that occur during the adult wound healing process and are modulated primarily by the inflammatory response at the site of injury. Adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which participate in normal wound healing, are trophic mediators of tissue repair. These cells participate in attenuating inflammation in the wound and reprogramming the resident immune and wound healing cells to favor tissue regeneration and inhibit fibrotic tissue formation. As a result, these cells have been considered and tested as a likely candidate for a cellular therapy to promote scar-less wound healing. This review identifies specific mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cells can limit tissue fibrosis and summarizes recent in vivo studies where these cells have been used successfully to limit scar formation.
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