Journal
CATALYSTS
Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/catal6010006
Keywords
nickel supported on aluminum oxide; -valerolactone; levulinic acid; hydrogenation; dioxane
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21306165, 21436007]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LQ13B060001]
- Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20130101120110]
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Four types of nickel catalysts supported on aluminum oxide (Ni/Al2O3) with different nickel loadings were synthesized using the co-precipitation method and were used for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to prepare -valerolactone (GVL). The synthesized Ni/Al2O3 catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity in dioxane, and the activity of the catalysts was excellent even after being used four times in dioxane. The catalytic activity in dioxane as a solvent was found to be superior to the activity in water. Nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the fresh and used catalysts. The effects of the nickel loading, temperature, hydrogen pressure, and substrate/catalyst ratio on the catalytic activity were investigated.
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