Squalene epoxidase plays a critical role in determining pig meat quality by regulating adipogenesis, myogenesis, and ROS scavengers

In mammals, Squalene epoxidase (SQLE) is an enzyme that converts squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene, in the early stage of cholesterol generation. Here, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SQLE gene (c. 2565 G > T) by RNA Sequencing from the liver tissue of Berkshire pigs. Furthermore, we found that homozygous GG pigs expressed more SQLE mRNA than GT heterozygous and TT homozygous pigs in longissimus dorsi tissue. Next, we showed that the SNP in the SQLE gene was associated with several meat quality traits including backfat thickness, carcass weight, meat colour (yellowness), fat composition, and water-holding capacity. Rates of myogenesis and adipogenesis induced in C2C12 cells and 3T3-L1 cells, respectively, were decreased by Sqle knockdown. Additionally, the expression of myogenic marker genes (Myog, Myod, and Myh4) and adipogenic marker genes (Pparg, Cebpa, and Adipoq) was substantially downregulated in cells transfected with Sqle siRNA. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of ROS scavengers, which affect meat quality by altering protein oxidation processes, were significantly downregulated by Sqle knockdown. Taken together, our results suggest the molecular mechanism by which SNPs in the SQLE gene can affect meat quality.