4.7 Article

Genomic admixture tracks pulses of economic activity over 2,000 years in the Indian Ocean trading network

Journal

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03204-y

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Funding

  1. laboratoire d'Anthopologie Moleculaire et Imagerie de Synthese (France) [UMR5288]
  2. GenoToul bioinformatics facility of Genopole Toulouse Midi Pyrenees, France
  3. French ANR grant [ANR-14-CE31-0013-01]
  4. French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (French Archaeological Mission in Borneo (MAFBO))
  5. French Embassy in Indonesia through its Cultural and Cooperation Services (Institut Francais en Indonesie)

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The Indian Ocean has long been a hub of interacting human populations. Following land- and seabased routes, trade drove cultural contacts between far-distant ethnic groups in Asia, India, the Middle East and Africa, creating one of the world's first proto-globalized environments. However, the extent to which population mixing was mediated by trade is poorly understood. Reconstructing admixture times from genomic data in 3,006 individuals from 187 regional populations reveals a close association between bouts of human migration and trade volumes during the last 2,000 years across the Indian Ocean trading system. Temporal oscillations in trading activity match phases of contraction and expansion in migration, with high water marks following the expansion of the Silk Roads in the 5th century AD, the rise of maritime routes in the 11th century and a drastic restructuring of the trade network following the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century. The economic fluxes of the Indian Ocean trade network therefore directly shaped exchanges of genes, in addition to goods and concepts.

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