Journal
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 4, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/srep07065
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Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [11174044, 51171035, 51131002]
- Grade A Natural Science Research Project of Fujian Province Education Department [JA12306]
- US National Science Foundation [DMR-0909037, CMMI-0900271, CMMI-1100080]
- Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) [00119262]
- DOE, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FE-0008855, DE-FE-0011194]
- Army Research Office Project [W911NF-13-1-0438]
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [1100080] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Metallic alloys show complex chemistries that are not yet understood so far. It has been widely accepted that behind the composition selection lies a short-range-order mechanism for solid solutions. The present paper addresses this fundamental question by examining the face-centered-cubic Cu-Zn alpha-brasses. A new structural approach, the cluster-plus-glue-atom model, is introduced, which suits specifically for the description of short-range-order structures in disordered systems. Two types of formulas are pointed out, [Zn-Cu-12]Zn-1 similar to 6 and [Zn-Cu-12](Zn,Cu)(6), which explain the alpha-brasses listed in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications. In these formulas, the bracketed parts represent the 1st-neighbor cluster, and each cluster is matched with one to six 2nd-neighbor Zn atoms or with six mixed (Zn, Cu) atoms. Such a cluster-based formulism describes the 1st- and 2nd-neighbor local atomic units where the solute and solvent interactions are ideally satisfied. The Cu-Ni industrial alloys are also explained, thus proving the universality of the cluster-formula approach in understanding the alloy selections. The revelation of the composition formulas for the Cu-(Zn, Ni) industrial alloys points to the common existence of simple composition rules behind seemingly complex chemistries of industrial alloys, thus offering a fundamental and practical method towards composition interpretations of all kinds of alloys.
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