Journal
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 4, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/srep04525
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Funding
- National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC NSC99-2119-M032-004-MY3, NSC 102-2112-M-032-001]
- National Research Foundation, South Africa
- National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB923302, 2013CB834605]
- Natural Science Foundation of China [21173200]
- Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) of the Ministry of Education [20113402110029]
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
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Electronic structures of graphene oxide (GO) and hydro-thermally reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) processed at low temperatures (120-180 degrees C) were studied using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). C K-edge XANES spectra of rGOs reveal that thermal reduction restores C = C sp(2) bonds and removes some of the oxygen and hydroxyl groups of GO, which initiates the evolution of carbonaceous species. The combination of C K-edge XANES and K-alpha XES spectra shows that the overlapping pi and pi* orbitals in rGOs and GO are similar to that of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), which has no band-gap. C K-alpha RIXS spectra provide evidence that thermal reduction changes the density of states (DOSs) that is generated in the pi-region and/or in the gap between the pi and pi* levels of the GO and rGOs. Two-dimensional C K-alpha RIXS mapping of the heavy reduction of rGOs further confirms that the residual oxygen and/or oxygen-containing functional groups modify the pi and sigma features, which are dispersed by the photon excitation energy. The dispersion behavior near the K point is approximately linear and differs from the parabolic-like dispersion observed in HOPG.
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