Journal
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 4, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/srep04024
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- Foundation Abraham
- Arcus
- Care for the Wild
- CGMK
- Elephant Family
- Ensemble
- Margot Marsh
- Mohamed bin Zhayed
- Shining Hope
- Stichting Bring the Elephants
- WCN
- Wood Tiger
- World Land Trust
- Zoos of Apenheul, Basel
- Zoos of Apenheul, Beauval
- Zoos of Apenheul, Boise
- Zoos of Apenheul, Cleveland
- Zoos of Apenheul, Chester
- Zoos of Apenheul, Columbus
- Zoos of Apenheul, Houston
- Zoos of Apenheul, la Palmyre
- Zoos of Apenheul, Oregon
- Zoos of Apenheul, Philadelphia
- Zoos of Apenheul, Phoenix
- Zoos of Apenheul, Saint Louis
- Zoos of Apenheul, Toronto
- Zoos of Apenheul, Victoria
- Zoos of Apenheul, Woodland
- US Fish and Wildlife
- EAZA
- Great Ape TAG Conservation Initiative
- Orangutan Project
- EM, Arcus
- Darwin Initiative
- U.K. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
- Panthera
- Kaplan family
- Clouded Leopard Project/Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium
- Felidae Conservation Fund
- HGH Wills
- International Trust for Nature Conservation
- Wild About Cats
- Houston Zoo
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences [22251004, 810104300001]
- Recanati-Kaplan Foundation
- Robertson Foundation
- Zoo of Cincinnati
- Zoo of Columbus
- Zoo of Houston
- Zoo of Phoenix
- Malaysian Palm Oil Council
- SimeDarby Foundation
- Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium
- Clouded Leopard Project
- WWF-Germany
- WWF-Malaysia
- ClevelandMetroparks
- Minnesota Zoo
- Nashville Zoo
- Panthera Foundation
- Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations
- British Ecological Society
- Chester Zoo -The North England Zoological Society
- Columbus Zoo
- Shared Earth Foundation
- Usitawi Network
- Wild Cat Club
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research
- German Ministry of Science and Education [FKZ033L045]
- Zoo Leipzig
- Human Evolution Project of KUPRI [24657170]
- Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia [FRG0098-NSH-1/2007]
- Nagao Natural Environment Foundation Japan
- PETRONAS
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah
- Pro Natura Foundation Japan
- [22687002]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25257409, 22221010, 22251004, 14F04387, 24657170, 13J00597, 25650145] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The orangutan is the world's largest arboreal mammal, and images of the red ape moving through the tropical forest canopy symbolise its typical arboreal behaviour. Records of terrestrial behaviour are scarce and often associated with habitat disturbance. We conducted a large-scale species-level analysis of ground-based camera-trapping data to evaluate the extent to which Bornean orangutans Pongo pygmaeus come down from the trees to travel terrestrially, and whether they are indeed forced to the ground primarily by anthropogenic forest disturbances. Although the degree of forest disturbance and canopy gap size influenced terrestriality, orangutans were recorded on the ground as frequently in heavily degraded habitats as in primary forests. Furthermore, all age-sex classes were recorded on the ground (flanged males more often). This suggests that terrestrial locomotion is part of the Bornean orangutan's natural behavioural repertoire to a much greater extent than previously thought, and is only modified by habitat disturbance. The capacity of orangutans to come down from the trees may increase their ability to cope with at least smaller-scale forest fragmentation, and to cross moderately open spaces in mosaic landscapes, although the extent of this versatility remains to be investigated.
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