Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
Volume 2, Issue 13, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/admi.201500195
Keywords
perovskite solar cells; silver; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Funding
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
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Silver is a low-cost candidate electrode material for perovskite solar cells. However, in such cells the silver electrodes turn yellow within days of device fabrication. The color change is also accompanied by a dramatic decrease in the power conversion efficiency when compared to otherwise identical devices using gold electrodes. Here, it is shown that the color change results from silver oxidation to silver iodide, due to a reaction with iodine in methyl ammonium lead perovskite. The change in X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is discussed. Exposure to air accelerates corrosion of the Ag electrodes when compared to dry nitrogen gas exposure. However, iodine not reacted with silver is observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy even for the perovskite solar cell kept in dry nitrogen gas. It is proposed that silver iodide is formed when methyl ammonium iodide migration is facilitated by the small pinholes in the hole transport layer spiro-MeOTAD.
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