A gel single ion polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium-ion batteries with wide-temperature range operability

We report excellent operability of a lithium-ion battery with a gel membrane of an sp(3) boron-based single ion polymer, lithium poly(1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid borate) (LiPBAB), as the electrolyte. The battery exhibits outstanding performance in a wide temperature range of 25-100 degrees C with high ionic conductivity of 2.9 x 10(-4) S cm(-1), high electrochemical stability of 4.3 V, a large cationic transference number t(+) of 0.89 and an excellent mechanical strength of 33 MPa at room temperature. The remarkable cyclic stability of the battery at 100 degrees C demonstrates exceptional device safety enabled by the electrolyte membrane.