Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 4, Issue 62, Pages 32690-32697Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06036a
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Funding
- Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [10821201]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21103131, 50902037, 51172055, 51372056, 51372027]
- fundamental Research Funds for the Central University [HIT.-BRETIII.201220, HIT, NSRIF.2012045, HIT.ICRST.2010008]
- Foundation of the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China [2012DFR50020]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-13-0174]
- NSERC
- NRC
- CIHR
- University of Saskatchewan
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High-quality few-layer-thick graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets (NSs) were fabricated by a simple, highly efficient, and rapid method namely, liquid ammonia (LA)-assisted lithiation. Li intercalation occurred in less than half an hour, importantly, the degree of Li intercalation was indicated by the color change of LA solution from deep blue to colorless. The obtained products were carefully investigated by field-emission transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman scattering spectrometry, UV-visible absorption spectrometry, photoluminescence, soft X-ray absorption and nonresonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure analyses. Because of the lack of high-temperature or high-energy treatment, high-yield few-layer-thick g-C3N4 NSs were produced with trace O-2 impurity. Interestingly, while maintaining the similar crystal structure and chemical stoichiometric ratio relative to the parent bulk materials, the surface structure, electronic and optical properties were significantly varied. Moreover, compared to the bulk counterparts, the as-prepared g-C3N4 NSs show clearly enhanced photocatalytic redox activity with respect to both photocatalytic H-2 evolution and hydroxyl radical generation. LA-assisted lithiation is a general method and could be easily extended to exfoliate diverse other layered materials such as molybdenum and tungsten sulfides.
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