Standing pillar arrays of C-coated hollow SnO2 mesoscale tubules for a highly stable lithium ion storage electrode

This work reports the direct growth of hollow one-dimensional nanostructure arrays on conducting substrates for use as efficient electrodes in Li-ion batteries. The C-coated hollow SnO2 pillar array structures can be prepared by template-directed synthesis, selective wet etching, and a carbonization route. The well-oriented ZnO nanorod arrays, which are grown on titanium substrates, are used as a sacrificial template for the deposition of SnO2 layers through a simple hydrothermal process. The ZnO portions are selectively removed by wet etching, producing hollow SnO2 arrays that are consecutively covered with carbon layers via the carbonization of glucose. The lithium storage performance of the synthesized C-coated hollow SnO2 pillar array structures is demonstrated by applying them directly to a working electrode without additive materials. The standing pillar array electrode, consisting of C-coated hollow SnO2, exhibits an excellent discharge capacity of ca. 1251.9 mA h g(-1) on the first cycle, and it also shows promising cyclability, rate capability, and coulombic efficiency, indicating that C-coated hollow SnO2 arrays fabricated on the current collector can be powerful candidates for a highly stable lithium storage electrode platform.