4.7 Article

Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Weekly Oral Vitamin D3 Supplementation during the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Journal

NUTRIENTS
Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages 788-810

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu5030788

Keywords

vitamin D; Bangladesh; pregnancy; pharmacokinetics; hypercalcemia

Funding

  1. Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (Canada)
  2. Canadian Institutes of Health Research
  3. Center for Global Health, Johns Hopkins University
  4. Department of International Health at The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

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A pharmacokinetic study was conducted to assess the biochemical dose-response and tolerability of high-dose prenatal vitamin D3 supplementation in Dhaka, Bangladesh (23 degrees N). Pregnant women at 27-30 weeks gestation (n = 28) were randomized to 70,000 IU once + 35,000 IU/ week vitamin D3 (group PH: pregnant, higher dose) or 14,000 IU/ week vitamin D3 (PL: pregnant, lower dose) until delivery. A group of non-pregnant women (n = 16) was similarly administered 70,000 IU once + 35,000 IU/ week for 10 weeks (NH: non-pregnant, higher-dose). Rise (Delta) in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration ([25(OH)D]) above baseline was the primary pharmacokinetic outcome. Baseline mean [25(OH)D] were similar in PH and PL (35 nmol/L vs. 31 nmol/L, p = 0.34). A dose-response effect was observed: Delta[25(OH)D] at modeled steady-state was 19 nmol/L (95% CI, 1 to 37) higher in PH vs. PL (p = 0.044). Delta[25(OH)D] at modeled steady-state was lower in PH versus NH but the difference was not significant (-15 nmol/L, 95% CI -34 to 5; p = 0.13). In PH, 100% attained [25(OH)D] >= 50 nmol/L and 90% attained [25(OH)D] >= 80 nmol/L; in PL, 89% attained [25(OH)D] >= 50 nmol/L but 56% attained [25(OH)D] >= 80 nmol/L. Cord [25(OH)D] (n = 23) was slightly higher in PH versus PL (117 nmol/L vs. 98 nmol/L; p = 0.07). Vitamin D3 was well tolerated; there were no supplement-related serious adverse clinical events or hypercalcemia. In summary, a regimen of an initial dose of 70,000 IU and 35,000 IU/week vitamin D3 in the third trimester of pregnancy was non-hypercalcemic and attained [25(OH)D] >= 80 nmol/L in virtually all mothers and newborns. Further research is required to establish the safety of high-dose vitamin D3 in pregnancy and to determine if supplement-induced [25(OH)D] elevations lead to maternal-infant health benefits.

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