End-Grafted Polymer Chains onto Inorganic Nano-Objects

Organic/inorganic nanohybrid materials have attracted particular scientific and technological interest because they combine the properties of the organic and the inorganic component. Inorganic nanoparticles exhibit interesting electrical, optical, magnetic and/or catalytic properties, which are related with their nano-scale dimensions. However, their high surface-to-volume ratio often induces agglomeration and leads to the loss of their attractive properties. Surface modification of the inorganic nano-objects with physically or chemically end-tethered polymer chains has been employed to overcome this problem. Covalent tethered polymer chains are realized by three different approaches: the grafting to, the grafting from and the grafting through method. This article reviews the synthesis of end-grafted polymer chains onto inorganic nanoparticles using controlled/living polymerization techniques, which allow control over the polymer characteristics and the grafting density of the end-tethered polymer chains.