Journal
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
Volume 17, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
DOI: 10.7448/IAS.17.1.18945
Keywords
atherosclerosis; vitamin D insufficiency; carotid intima media thickness; HIV; antiretroviral treatment; adipokines
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Funding
- Spanish Foundation for Research and Prevention of AIDS [FIPSE 24640/07]
- Carlos III Institute [FIS PI070430]
- Plan Nacional R + D + I [RD06/0006/1008]
- ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) [RD12/0017]
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Introduction: Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the non-HIV population. This study evaluates the relationship among serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, cardiovascular risk factors, adipokines, antiviral therapy (ART) and subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected males. Methods: A cross-sectional study in ambulatory care was made in non-diabetic patients living with HIV. VDI was defined as 25(OH)D serum levels < 75 nmol/L. Fasting lipids, glucose, inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, highsensitivity C-reactive protein) and endothelial markers (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, or PAI-I) were measured. The common carotid artery intima-media thickness (C-IMT) was determined. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was made to identify factors associated with the presence of VDI, while multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with common C-IMT. Results: Eighty-nine patients were included (age 42 +/- 8 years), 18.9% were in CDC (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) stage C and 75 were on ART. VDI was associated with ART exposure, sedentary lifestyle, higher triglycerides levels and PAI-I. In univariate analysis, VDI was associated with greater common C-IMT. The multivariate linear regression model, adjusted by confounding factors, revealed an independent association between common C-IMT and patient age, time of exposure to protease inhibitors (PIs) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). In contrast, there were no independent associations between common C-IMT and VDI or inflammatory and endothelial markers. Conclusions: VDI was not independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in non-diabetic males living with HIV. Older age, a longer exposure to PIs, and IFG were independent factors associated with common C-IMT in this population.
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