Peripheral Nerve Entrapments of the Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot

This article has reviewed a number of common nerve entrapments of the lower extremity, focusing on involvement of the sural, saphenous and common, deep, and superficial peroneal nerves. A working knowledge of the anatomy and the potential variations present in these nerves will greatly assist in diagnosis of this heterogeneous group of conditions. Combining this with appropriate history, physical examination, and judicious use of imaging modalities and/or electrodiagnostic studies will help to elucidate the underlying cause of nerve-related pain. It is important to remember that nerve compressions often occur in the setting of a systemic condition. Addressing the underlying systemic issues while simultaneously instituting conservative measures to address the nerve compression is a prudent early course of action. Appropriate diagnostic studies, including physical examination, injections, and the use of imaging and/or electrodiagnostic studies will allow further delineation of the exact location of compression. When systemic conditions have been optimized, conservative measures have failed, and a relatively precise location of entrapment has been elucidated, surgical management can be considered. In these cases surgical intervention-most often decompression of the surrounding structures-can be successful in relieving pain and restoring function.