Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS
Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 318-325Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e328361eaca
Keywords
eradication; HIV latency; reservoir
Categories
Funding
- ARCHE Collaborative Research Grant from the Foundation for AIDS Research [amFAR 108165-50-RGRL]
- Martin Delaney CARE Collaboratory (NIH) [AI096113, 1U19AI096109]
- DARE Collaboratory (NIH) [AI096113, 1U19AI096109]
- Johns Hopkins Center for AIDS Research
- NIH [43222]
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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Purpose of reviewRecent developments have generated renewed interest in the possibility of curing HIV-1 infection. This review describes some of the practical challenges that will need to be overcome if curative strategies are to be successful.Recent findingsThe latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting memory CD4(+) T cells is the major barrier to curing the infection. The most widely discussed approach to curing the infection involves finding agents that reverse latency in resting CD4(+) T cells, with the assumption that the cells will then die from viral cytopathic effects or be lysed by host cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). A major challenge is the development of in-vitro models that can be used to explore mechanisms and identify latency-reversing agents (LRAs). Although several models have been developed, including primary cell models, none of them may fully capture the quiescent state of the cells that harbour latent HIV-1 in vivo. An additional problem is that LRAs that do not cause T-cell activation may not lead to the death of infected cells. Finally, measuring the effects of LRAs in vivo is complicated by the lack of correlation between different assays for the latent reservoir.SummaryProgress on these practical issues is essential to finding a cure.
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