Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS
Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 356-361Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e3282f9ae9c
Keywords
gastrointestinal depletion; immune activation; microbial translocation; natural infection
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Funding
- Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AI999999, ZIA AI001029-02, Z01 AI001029-01] Funding Source: Medline
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Purpose of review Significant gastrointestinal pathology occurs in progressive HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. This review will examine the relationship between the detrimental events to the gastrointestinal tract during the acute phase of infection and disease progression through the chronic phase and, ultimately, AIDS. Recent findings Gastrointestinal tract CD4 T cells are dramatically depleted in acutely HIV-infected humans and SIV-infected rhesus macaques, sooty mangabeys, and African green monkeys. In addition, HIV infection of humans and SIV-infection of rhesus macaques are characterized by enteropathy and increased intestinal permeability. While SIV-infected rhesus macaques and HIV-infected humans manifest chronic and systemic immune activation and microbial translocation, and progress to chronic infection and AIDS, however, SIV-infected sooty mangabeys and African green monkeys do not. Summary Recent studies have increased our understanding of the mechanisms that relate structural and immunological damage to the gastrointestinal tract during the acute phase of HIV/SIV infection to immune activation and disease progression in the chronic phase.
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