Creativity and Autonomy in Swarm Intelligence Systems

This work introduces two swarm intelligence algorithms-one mimicking the behaviour of one species of ants (Leptothorax acervorum) foraging (a 'stochastic diffusion search', SDS) and the other algorithm mimicking the behaviour of birds flocking (a 'particle swarm optimiser', PSO)-and outlines a novel integration strategy exploiting the local search properties of the PSO with global SDS behaviour. The resulting hybrid algorithm is used to sketch novel drawings of an input image, exploiting an artistic tension between the local behaviour of the 'birds flocking'aEuroas they seek to follow the input sketch-and the global behaviour of the 'ants foraging'aEuroas they seek to encourage the flock to explore novel regions of the canvas. The paper concludes by exploring the putatve 'creativity' of this hybrid swarm system in the philosophical light of the 'rhizome' and Deleauze's well-known 'Orchid and Wasp' metaphor.