Journal
CELL ADHESION & MIGRATION
Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 43-50Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.1.7258
Keywords
adhesion; synaptic plasticity; astrocytes; central nervous system; hypothalamus; olfactory system
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Funding
- Compagnia di San Paolo [2004.2019, 1553 IT/CV]
- Regione Piemonte (CIPE) [2004-A14]
- M.U.R.S.T.
- University of Turin
- Inserm
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Polysialic acid (PSA) is a large carbohydrate added post-translationally to the extracellular domain of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) that influences its adhesive and other functional properties. PSA-NCAM is widely distributed in the developing nervous system where it promotes dynamic cell interactions, like those responsible for axonal growth, terminal sprouting and target innervation. Its expression becomes restricted in the adult nervous system where it is thought to contribute to various forms of neuronal and glial plasticity. We here review evidence, obtained mainly from hypothalamic neuroendocrine centers and the olfactory system, that it intervenes in structural synaptic plasticity and accompanying neuronal-glial transformations, making possible the formation and elimination of synapses that occur under particular physiological conditions. While the mechanism of action of this complex sugar is unknown, it is now clear that it is a necessary molecular component of various cell transformations, including those responsible for activity-dependent synaptic remodeling.
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