Journal
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 333-342Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00409k
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Funding
- EPSRC [EP/K000616/1, EP/G007594/2]
- Royal Society
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CTQ2011-28216-C02-01]
- EPSRC [EP/K000616/2, EP/K014676/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K014676/1, EP/K000616/1, EP/G007594/2, EP/K000616/2] Funding Source: researchfish
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The telescopic conversion of glucose to fructose and then 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), the latter a potential, bio-derived platform chemical feedstock, has been explored over a family of bifunctional sulfated zirconia catalysts possessing tuneable acid-base properties. Characterisation by acid-base titration, XPS, XRD and Raman reveal that submonolayer SO4 coverages offer the ideal balance of basic and Lewis-Bronsted acid sites required to respectively isomerise glucose to fructose, and subsequently dehydrate fructose to 5-HMF. A constant acid site normalised turnover frequency is observed for fructose dehydration to 5-HMF, confirming a common Bronsted acid site is responsible for this transformation.
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