Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201401612
Keywords
batteries; focused ion beam; scanning electron microscopy; ionic conduction; 3D modeling; X-ray tomography
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy BATT program
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [05K13VF1]
- U.S. Department of Energy BATT program
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [05K13VF1]
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LiCoO2 electrodes contain three phases, or domains, each having specific-intended functions: ion-conducting pore space, lithium-ion-reacting active material, and electron conducting carbon-binder domain (CBD). Transport processes take place in all domains on different characteristic length scales: from the micrometer scale in the active material grains through to the nanopores in the carbon-binder phase. Consequently, more than one imaging approach must be utilized to obtain a hierarchical geometric representation of the electrode. An approach incorporating information from the micro- and nanoscale to calculate 3D transport-relevant properties in a large-reconstructed active domain is presented. Advantages of focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy imaging and X-ray tomography combined by a spatial stochastic model, validated with an artificially produced reference structure are used. This novel approach leads to significantly different transport relevant properties compared with previous tomographic approaches: nanoporosity of the CBD leads to up to 42% additional contact area between active material and pore space and increases ionic conduction by a factor of up to 3.6. The results show that nanoporosity within the CBD cannot be neglected.
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