Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 3, Issue 6, Pages 744-752Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201200673
Keywords
charge generation; charge transfer state; corrected photocurrent; mobility; transient absorption spectroscopy
Categories
Funding
- EPSRC [EP/F061757/1]
- P.R. China's State Scholarship Fund
- Merck
- EPSRC
- Imperial College Junior Research Fellowship
- Royal Society
- EPSRC [EP/K030671/1, EP/F061757/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/F061757/1, EP/K030671/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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The use of fullerenes with two or more adducts as acceptors has been recently shown to enhance the performance of bulk-heterojunction solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the donor. The enhancement is caused by a substantial increase in the open-circuit voltage due to a rise in the fullerene lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level when going from monoadducts to multiadducts. While the increase in the open-circuit voltage is obtained with many different polymers, most polymers other than P3HT show a substantially reduced photocurrent when blended with fullerene multiadducts like bis-PCBM (bis adduct of Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) or the indene C60 bis-adduct ICBA. Here we investigate the reasons for this decrease in photocurrent. We find that it can be attributed partly to a loss in charge generation efficiency that may be related to the LUMO-LUMO and HOMO-HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) offsets at the donor-acceptor heterojunction, and partly to reduced charge carrier collection efficiencies. We show that the P3HT exhibits efficient collection due to high hole and electron mobilities with mono- and multiadduct fullerenes. In contrast the less crystalline polymer Poly[[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl (PCDTBT) shows inefficient charge carrier collection, assigned to low hole mobility in the polymer and low electron mobility when blended with multiadduct fullerenes.
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