Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 2, Issue 7, Pages 816-829Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201200013
Keywords
energy storage; metal-air batteries; non-precious catalysts; oxygen reduction reaction
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Funding
- World Class University (WCU)
- National Research Foundation (NRF)
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea
- MKE (The Ministry of Knowledge Economy), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) [NIPA-2011-C1090-1100-0002]
- Ministry of Public Safety & Security (MPSS), Republic of Korea [H0301-12-1009] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [R31-2012-000-20012-0] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Electrical energy storage and conversion is vital to a clean, sustainable, and secure energy future. Among all electrochemical energy storage devices, metal-air batteries have potential to offer the highest energy density, representing the most promising systems for portable (electronics), mobile (electrical vehicles), and stationary (micro-grids) applications. To date, however, many fundamental issues are yet to be overcome to realize this potential. For example, efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the air-electrode are yet to be developed to significantly reduce the polarization loss in metal-air batteries, which severely hinders the rate capability, energy efficiency, and operational life. In this progress report, a brief overview is first presented of the critical issues relevant to air-electrodes in metal-air batteries. Some recent advancements in the development of non-precious catalysts for ORR in Li-air and Zn-air batteries are then highlighted, including transition metal oxides, low-dimensional carbon-based structures, and other catalysts such as transition-metal macrocycles and metal nitrides. New directions and future perspectives for metal-air batteries are also outlined.
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