Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04951-w
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Funding
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [1107258, 1083656, 1078037, 1113400]
- Australian Research Council [DP160101056, DP160103860, DP160102400]
- US National Institutes of Health [R01 MH100141, P01 GM099568, R01 GM075091, R01 AG042568, R21 ES025052]
- Sylvia & Charles Viertel Charitable Foundation
- F.G. Meade Scholarship
- University of Queensland
- dbGaP [phs000674.v2.p2]
- UK Biobank [12505]
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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a very common disease in humans. Here we conduct a metaanalysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with similar to 16 million genetic variants in 62,892 T2D cases and 596,424 controls of European ancestry. We identify 139 common and 4 rare variants associated with T2D, 42 of which (39 common and 3 rare variants) are independent of the known variants. Integration of the gene expression data from blood (n = 14,115 and 2765) with the GWAS results identifies 33 putative functional genes for T2D, 3 of which were targeted by approved drugs. A further integration of DNA methylation (n = 1980) and epigenomic annotation data highlight 3 genes (CAMK1D, TP53INP1, and ATP5G1) with plausible regulatory mechanisms, whereby a genetic variant exerts an effect on T2D through epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Our study uncovers additional loci, proposes putative genetic regulatory mechanisms for T2D, and provides evidence of purifying selection for T2D-associated variants.
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