Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06090-8
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Funding
- National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) [2015R1A2A1A15052658, 2015R1A3A2066253]
- National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Education (MOE), Korea [2013R1A6A3A04064259]
- GIST Research Institute (GRI)
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [P01AI102851] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Microvilli on T cells have been proposed to survey surfaces of antigen-presenting cells (APC) or facilitate adhesion under flow; however, whether they serve essential functions during T cell activation remains unclear. Here we show that antigen-specific T cells deposit membrane particles derived from microvilli onto the surface of cognate antigen-bearing APCs. Microvilli carry T cell receptors (TCR) at all stages of T cell activation and are released as large TCR-enriched, T cell microvilli particles (TMP) in a process of trogocytosis. These microvilli exclusively contain protein arrestin-domain-containing protein 1, which is directly involved in membrane budding and, in combination with vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 4, transforms large TMPs into smaller, exosome-sized TMPs. Notably, TMPs from CD4(+) T cells are enriched with LFA-2/CD2 and various cytokines involved in activating dendritic cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that T cell microvilli constitute immunological synaptosomes that carry T cell messages to APCs.
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