Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 5, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4573
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1303178]
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0190]
- Intel Foundation/SRCEA Masters Scholarship
- Office of Competitive Research Funding (OCRF) of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- NSF
- NIH/NIGMS via NSF award [DMR-0936384]
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD)
- KAUST sponsored Stanford Center for Advanced Photovoltaics
- SABIC
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [1303178] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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A crystal's structure has significant impact on its resulting biological, physical, optical and electronic properties. In organic electronics, 6,13(bis-triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-pentacene), a small-molecule organic semiconductor, adopts metastable polymorphs possessing significantly faster charge transport than the equilibrium crystal when deposited using the solution-shearing method. Here, we use a combination of high-speed polarized optical microscopy, in situ microbeam grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray-scattering and molecular simulations to understand the mechanism behind formation of metastable TIPS-pentacene polymorphs. We observe that thin-film crystallization occurs first at the air-solution interface, and nanoscale vertical spatial confinement of the solution results in formation of metastable polymorphs, a one-dimensional and large-area analogy to crystallization of polymorphs in nanoporous matrices. We demonstrate that metastable polymorphism can be tuned with unprecedented control and produced over large areas by either varying physical confinement conditions or by tuning energetic conditions during crystallization through use of solvent molecules of various sizes.
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