Journal
JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT
Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 64-71Publisher
IWA PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2014.115
Keywords
innovation; resource recovery; source separation; toilet design; urban; wastewater treatment
Categories
Funding
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The sanitation concept 'Blue Diversion' (www.bluediversiontoilet.com) was developed as a possible answer to the sanitation crisis in urban slums. It is based on two main elements: (1) diversion of urine, feces, and water at the source as the basis for efficient resource recovery, and (2) linking different scales (family toilets and semi-centralized resource recovery). Our objective was to develop an attractive 'grid-free' (i.e. functioning without piped water, sewer, and electrical grid) dry urine-diverting toilet, which provides water (through recycling on-site) for flushing, personal hygiene (anal cleansing and menstrual hygiene), and hand washing. This service, including the entire sanitation value chain, should eventually be made available as a profitable business with total user fees of 5 cent/p/d. The results presented in this paper are (1) a toilet design model, (2) the development of a new type of membrane bioreactor for treating flush and wash water, (3) main results of a geographic information system-based stochastic service model to link the family-scale toilet to a community-scale Resource Recovery Plant, and (4) a business model that yields maximum profit for the local community. We conclude that the approach is feasible, but challenging from a technical as well as an organizational point of view.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available