Determination of factors predictive of outcome for patients undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy of pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinomas

Introduction: A pancreaticoduodenectomy is the reference treatment for a resectable pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma. The probability of 5-year survival in patients undergoing such treatment is 525% and is associated with relatively high peri-operative morbidity and mortality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate risk factors predictive of outcome for patients undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy for a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods: This retrospective analysis incorporated data from the Vancouver General Hospital and the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) from 1999-2007. Results: The 5-year survival of 100 patients was 12% with a median survival of 16.5 months. Ninety-day mortality was 7%. Predictors of 90-day mortality included age >= 80 years (P < 0.001) and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score = 3 (P = 0.012) by univariate analysis and age >= 80 years (P < 0.001) by multivariate analysis. The identifiable predictive factor for poor 5-year survival was an ASA score = 3 (P = 0.043) whereas a Dindo-Clavien surgical complication grade >= 3 was associated with a worse outcome (P = 0.013). Referral to the BCCA was associated with a favourable 5-year survival (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The present study identifies risk factors for patient selection to enhance survival benefit in this patient population.