Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00235
Keywords
glioblastoma; astrocytes; microglia; crosstalk; cytokines; molecular mechanisms; microenvironmental factors; communication mechanisms
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Funding
- Brazilian Agency Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Brazilian Agency Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)
- Brazilian Agency Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
- Brazilian Agency Pro-Saude Associacao Beneficente de Assistencia Social e Hospitalar
- Cancer Foundation
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In recent years, the functions of glial cells, namely, astrocytes and microglia, have gained prominence in several diseases of the central nervous system, especially in glioblastoma (GB), the most malignant primary brain tumor that leads to poor clinical outcomes. Studies showed that microglial cells or astrocytes play a critical role in promoting GB growth. Based on the recent findings, the complex network of the interaction between microglial/astrocytes cells and GB may constitute a potential therapeutic target to overcome tumor malignancy. In the present review, we summarize the most important mechanisms and functions of the molecular factors involved in the microglia or astrocytes-GB interactions, which is particularly the alterations that occur in the cell's extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. We overview the cytokines, chemokines, neurotrophic, morphogenic, metabolic factors, and non-coding RNAs actions crucial to these interactions. We have also discussed the most recent studies regarding the mechanisms of transportation and communication between microglial/astrocytes - GB cells, namely through the ABC transporters or by extracellular vesicles. Lastly, we highlight the therapeutic challenges and improvements regarding the crosstalk between these glial cells and GB.
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