Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS
Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 449-458Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00223.x
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Funding
- NSF [EF-0801793, EF-0827051]
- NAI/APS
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Emerging Frontiers [0801793, 0827051] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Relatively little information is available for the composition of microbial communities present in hadal environments, the deepest marine locations. Here we present a description of the phylogenetic diversity of particle-associated (> 3 mu m) and free-living (3-0.22 mu m) microorganisms present in a pelagic trench environment. Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences were recovered from members of the Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya obtained from a depth of 6000 m in the Puerto Rico Trench (PRT). Species richness estimates for the bacterial particle-associated fraction were greater compared with the free-living fraction and demonstrated statistically significant compositional differences, while the archaeal fractions were not found to be significantly different. The particle-associated fraction contained more Rhodobacterales and unclassified Myxococcales along with Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and chloroplast sequences, whereas the free-living fraction contained more Caulobacterales, Xanthomonadales and Burkholderiales, along with Marine Group A and Gemmatimonadetes. The Eukarya contained a high abundance of Basidiomycota Fungi 18S rRNA genes, as well as representatives from the super-groups Rhizaria, Excavata and Chromalveolata. A diverse clade of diplonemid flagellates was also identified from the eukaryotic phylotypes recovered, which was distinct from previously identified deep-sea pelagic diplonemid groups. The significance of these results to considerations of deep-sea microbial life and particle colonization is discussed in comparison to the few other deep-ocean phylogenetic surveys available.
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