Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 3, Issue 45, Pages 22940-22948Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5ta05441a
Keywords
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Funding
- US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures [FA9550-12-1-0037]
- US National Science Foundation's Scalable Nanomanufacturing Program [1344654]
- National High-tech Research & Development Program of China (863 Program) [2012AA03A207]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1344654] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Ni-Co-Mn triple hydroxide (NCMTH) nanoneedles were coated on plasma-grown graphitic petals (GPs) by a facile one-step hydrothermal method for high-rate and long-cycle-life pseudocapacitive electrodes. Structural and compositional characteristics of NCMTHs indicate that the multi-component metal elements distribute homogeneously within the NCMTHs. Comparison of the electrochemical performance of the three-dimensional NCMTH electrodes to Ni-Co double hydroxides reveals that a synergistic effect of the hierarchical structure of GPs and NCMTHs enables their high rate capability and long cycle life. The NCMTH electrode maintains over 95% of its capacitance at a high charge/discharge rate of 100 mA cm(-2) relative to its low-current (1 mA cm(-2)) capacitance; and it exhibits very high specific capacitance of approximately 1400 F g(-1) (based on the mass of NCMTH), high specific energy density (z30 W h kg(-1)) and power density (z39 kW kg(-1)) at a high current density of 100 mA cm(-2), and excellent long-term cyclic stability (full capacitance retention over 3000 cycles). To assess functional behavior, two-terminal asymmetric supercapacitor devices with NCMTHs on graphitic petals as positive electrodes were assembled and tested to reveal ultrafast charge/discharge rates up to 5000 mV s(-1) (approx. two orders of magnitude faster than conventional asymmetric devices based on metal hydroxides) with high rate capabilities, and excellent long-term cyclic stability (full capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles).
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