Journal
HEALTH & PLACE
Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 46-54Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.09.003
Keywords
Physical activity; GPS; Greenspace; Built environment; Smart growth; Obesity
Categories
Funding
- National Cancer Institute [R01-CA-123243]
- UC Berkeley
- CDC-ASPH
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This study examined relationships between greenness exposure and free-living physical activity behavior of children in smart growth and conventionally designed communities. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to quantify children's (n=208) greenness exposure at 30-s epoch accelerometer and GPS data points. A generalized linear mixed model with a kernel density smoothing term for addressing spatial autocorrelation was fit to analyze residential neighborhood activity data. Excluding activity at home and during school-hours, an epoch-level analysis found momentary greenness exposure was positively associated with the likelihood of contemporaneous moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This association was stronger for smart growth residents who experienced a 39% increase in odds of MVPA for a 10th to 90th percentile increase in exposure to greenness (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.36-1.44). An individual-level analysis found children who experienced > 20 min of daily exposure to greener spaces ( > 90th percentile) engaged in nearly 5 times the daily rate of MVPA of children with nearly zero daily exposure to greener spaces (95% CI 3.09-7.20). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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