Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 3, Issue 44, Pages 22266-22273Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5ta04646g
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Funds for Excellent Young Scholar [51422104]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51531004, 51272173, 51472177]
- Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China [201145]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-12-0408]
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Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous carbons (indicated with 3D HPCs) were synthesized via a simple one-pot method using the self-assembly of various water-soluble NaX salts (X: Cl-, CO32-, SiO32-) as structure-directing templates. By controlling crystallization and assembly of multi-scale salts via a freeze-drying process, 3D porous carbon networks with tailored pore size distribution have been generated by calcining the salts/glucose self-assembly followed by removing the 3D self-assembly of NaX salts via simple water washing. When their applications were evaluated for supercapacitor electrodes as an example, the as-constructed 3D HPCs with large surface area, high electron conductivity, facile electrolyte penetration and robust structure exhibited excellent capacitive performance, namely, high specific capacitance (320 F g(-1) at 0.5 A g(-1)), outstanding high rate capacitance retention (126 F g(-1) at 200 A g(-1)), and superior specific capacitance retention ability (nearly no discharge capacity decay between 1000 and 10 000 continuous charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 5 A g(-1)). Based on our soluble salt self-assembly-assisted synthesis concept, it was revealed that salts in seawater are also very suitable for low-cost and scalable synthesis of 3D HPCs with good capacitive performance, which pave the way for advanced utilization of seawater.
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