Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 3, Issue 33, Pages 17224-17229Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5ta03127c
Keywords
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Funding
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies [cstc2011pt-sy90001]
- Southwest University [SWU111071]
- Chongqing Science and Technology Commission [cstc2012gjhz90002]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [SWU113079, XDJK2014C051]
- Program for the Youth Talent in Science and Technology of Chongqing [cstc2014kjrc-qnrc50006]
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Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)(2)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite was fabricated by a solid state reaction and was further used to fabricate a cathode for sodium-ion batteries. The electrochemical behaviors were thoroughly investigated in assembled non-aqueous Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)(2)/MWCNT//Na cells, showing higher specific capacity (over 100 mA h g(-1) at a rate of 0.15C) and better stable cycle performance than those of the pristine Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)(2)-based one. It is noted that with increased charge-discharge cycles, the specific capacity of Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)(2)/MWCNT gets close to the theoretical capacity (ca. 117.4 mA h g(-1)). These good performances could be attributed to the incorporated MWCNTs, which improve the conductivity for lower charge transfer resistance and shorten the diffusion length for faster Na+ diffusion to access the reaction sites. Through systematic studies of EIS at different states of charge and discharge, it is discovered that R-ct decreases with the increase of voltage and reaches a minimum value at redox sites, but R-e and DNa+ show the opposite trend. Moreover, a full cell test using a carbon black negative electrode also demonstrates good capacity retention up to 50 cycles and a reversible capacity of 145 mA h g(-1) with the average operation voltage of 2.8 V.
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