Fundamental physics behind high-efficiency organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells

Organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells have shown remarkable progress in power conversion efficiencies in the past five years due to some amazing intrinsic properties such as long-range ambipolar transport characteristics, high dielectric constants, low exciton binding energies, and intrinsic ferroelectric polarizations. This review article discusses recent results with the focus on fundamental physics involved in internal photovoltaic processes in perovskite solar cells. The discussion includes charge transport, photoexcited carriers versus excitons, exciton binding energies, ferroelectric properties, and magnetic field effects. The objective of this review article is to provide the critical understanding for materials synthesis and device engineering to further advance photovoltaic actions in the state-of-the-art organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells.