Journal
ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/ar2923
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Funding
- European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA)
- Dutch Kidney Foundation
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Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)associated vasculitis (AAV) is a life-threatening autoimmune disease characterized by an antibody mediated glomerulonephritis and necrotizing vasculitis. Apart from antibodies, T cells are also involved in disease pathogenesis. This review stresses the hallmarks of T cell-mediated pathology in AAV and highlights the characteristics of lesional and circulating T cells in the immune response in AAV. Circulating effector T-cell populations are expanded and are in a persistent state of activation. Circulating regulatory T-cell subsets are less well characterized but seem to be impaired in function. Lesional effector T cells are present in granulomas, vasculitic lesions, and nephritis. Lesional T cells usually show pro-inflammatory properties and promote granuloma formation. Apart from T cells, dendritic cells are abundantly present at the sites of inflammation and locally orchestrate the immune response. Targeting the above-mentioned T cell-mediated disease mechanisms will potentially provide powerful therapeutic tools for AAV.
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