Anti-Ro/SSA-Associated Corrected QT Interval Prolongation in Adults: The Role of Antibody Level and Specificity

Objective. Recent evidence suggests that anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, strongly associated with the development of congenital heart block, may also be arrhythmogenic for the adult heart. In fact, anti-Ro/SSA-positive patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) frequently display corrected QT (QTc) prolongation associated with an increase in ventricular arrhythmias. However, QTc prolongation prevalence markedly differs throughout the studies (10-60%), but the reason why is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether anti-Ro/SSA-associated QTc prolongation in adult patients with CTD is related to antibody level and specificity. Methods. Forty-nine adult patients with CTD underwent a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram recording to measure QTc interval, and a venous withdrawal to determine anti-Ro/SSA antibody level and specificity (anti-Ro/SSA 52 kd and anti-Ro/SSA 60 kd) by immunoenzymatic methods and Western blotting. Results. In our population, a direct correlation was demonstrated between anti-Ro/SSA 52-kd level and QTc duration (r = 0.38, P = 0.007), patients with a prolonged QTc had higher levels of anti-Ro/SSA 52 kd with respect to those with a normal QTc (P = 0.003), and patients with a moderate to high level (>= 50 units/ml) of anti-Ro/SSA 52 kd showed a longer QTc interval (P = 0.008) and a higher QTc prolongation prevalence (P = 0.008) than those with a low positive/negative level (< 50 units/ml). On the contrary, no association was found between QTc and anti-Ro/SSA 60-kd level. Conclusion. In anti-Ro/SSA-positive adult patients with CTD, the occurrence of QTc prolongation seems strictly dependent on the anti-Ro/SSA 52-kd level. This finding, possibly explaining the different QTc prolongation prevalence reported, strengthens the hypothesis that an extremely specific autoimmune cross-reaction is responsible for the anti-Ro/SSA-dependent interference on ventricular repolarization.