Polyaniline and Its Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Processing, Electrical Properties and Applications

Polyaniline (PANI) has been of great interest to many researchers because of its reasonably good conductivity, stability, easy preparation, affordability and redox properties compared to other conducting polymers. This review reports the synthesis, processing and the electronic applications of PANI and its nanocomposites. The review presents the complete survey of chemical and the electrochemical synthesis of PANI. The mechanism of electrical conduction in PANI based on various factors like oxidizing and reducing agents during the polymerization, use of different acid and base dopants have been discussed. In the last part, this review focuses the recent developments of semiconductor-conducting polymer hybrids or nanocomposite systems and their applications in p-n heterostructured diodes and solar cells.