Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages 1292-1324Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v5051292
Keywords
Hepatitis C virus; lipoproteins; apolipoproteins; apoE; apoB; cholesterol; triglyceride; viral attachment; entry; assembly; secretion; viral immune escape; lipid disorder
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Funding
- European Association for Study of the Liver (EASL)
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, including chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C infection associates with lipid and lipoprotein metabolism disorders such as hepatic steatosis, hypobetalipoproteinemia, and hypocholesterolemia. Furthermore, virus production is dependent on hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly, and circulating virions are physically associated with lipoproteins in complexes termed lipoviral particles. Evidence has indicated several functional roles for the formation of these complexes, including co-opting of lipoprotein receptors for attachment and entry, concealing epitopes to facilitate immune escape, and hijacking host factors for HCV maturation and secretion. Here, we review the evidence surrounding pathogenesis of the hepatitis C infection regarding lipoprotein engagement, cholesterol and triglyceride regulation, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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