Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 4, Issue 8, Pages 1335-1353Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v4081335
Keywords
herpes viruses; MHC class II; CD4 T cell; immune evasion
Categories
Funding
- Medical Research Council UK, London [G0901755]
- MRC [G0901755] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0901755, G9818340B] Funding Source: researchfish
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Lifelong persistent infection by herpesviruses depends on the balance between host immune responses and viral immune evasion. CD4 T cells responding to antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules are known to play an important role in controlling herpesvirus infections. Here we review, with emphasis on human herpesvirus infections, the strategies evolved to evade CD4 T cell immunity. These viruses target multiple points on the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway. The mechanisms include: suppression of CIITA to inhibit the synthesis of MHC class II molecules, diversion or degradation of HLA-DR molecules during membrane transport, and direct targeting of the invariant chain chaperone of HLA-DR.
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