Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 4, Issue 9, Pages 1438-1476Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v4091438
Keywords
influenza; evasion; innate immunity; adaptive immunity
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The influenza A virus is one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in humans. Upon infection with an influenza A virus, both innate and adaptive immune responses are induced. Here we discuss various strategies used by influenza A viruses to evade innate immune responses and recognition by components of the humoral and cellular immune response, which consequently may result in reduced clearing of the virus and virus-infected cells. Finally, we discuss how the current knowledge about immune evasion can be used to improve influenza A vaccination strategies.
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