Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 2, Issue 9, Pages 1984-1999Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v2091984
Keywords
retrovirus; epsilonretrovirus; oncogenesis; walleye dermal sarcoma virus; fish; retroviral cyclin; RACK1; apoptosis; mitochondria
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Funding
- National Institute of Health [CA95056]
- American Cancer Society [RPG-00313-01-MBC]
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R01CA095056] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Retroviruses have been detected in most vertebrate species and are etiologic agents of a variety of neoplastic diseases. The study of retroviruses has been instrumental in uncovering the molecular mechanisms responsible for oncogenesis. Retroviruses have been isolated from three neoplastic diseases in fish, two of which affect the dermis and regress naturally coincident with spawning. This feature provides a unique model to study mechanisms of tumor development and regression. Three complex retroviruses, isolated from walleye (Sander vitreus) with dermal sarcoma and epidermal hyperplasia, are the members of the newest retroviral genus, Epsilonretrovirus. Three accessory proteins, encoded by walleye dermal sarcoma virus (WDSV), function in the regulation of host and viral gene expression and cell cycle, alter cell-signaling pathways to promote cell proliferation and block apoptosis, and, finally, induce apoptosis through dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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