Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 1, Issue 3, Pages 523-544Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v1030523
Keywords
PKR; virus; dsRNA; innate immunity; immune evasion
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Wo 554/3-2]
- German Ministry of Health (FSI program)
- German Ministry of Education and Research (FluResearchNet)
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research [FRN37995]
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The interferon-induced double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) limits viral replication by an eIF2 alpha-mediated block of translation. Although many negative-strand RNA viruses activate PKR, the responsible RNAs have long remained elusive, as dsRNA, the canonical activator of PKR, has not been detected in cells infected with such viruses. In this review we focus on the activating RNA molecules of different virus families, in particular the negative-strand RNA viruses. We discuss the recently identified non-canonical activators 5'-triphosphate RNA and the vRNP of influenza virus and give an update on strategies of selected RNA and DNA viruses to prevent activation of PKR.
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