A highly nitrogen-doped porous graphene - an anode material for lithium ion batteries

A novel nitrogen-doped porous graphene material (NPGM) was prepared by freeze-drying a graphene/melamine-formaldehyde hydrogel and subsequent thermal treatment. The use of melamine-formaldehyde resin as a cross-linking agent and nitrogen source enhances the nitrogen content. NPGM possesses a hierarchical porous structure, a large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (up to 1170 m(2) g(-1)), and a considerable nitrogen content (5.8 at%). NPGM displays a discharge capacity of 672 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 100 mA g(-1) when used as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, much higher than that observed for a nitrogen-free graphene porous material (450 mA h g(-1)). The NPGM electrode also possesses superior cycle stability. No capacity loss was observed even after 200 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 400 mA g(-1). The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to nitrogen doping, high specific surface area, and the three-dimensional porous network structure.