Highly dual-doped multilayer nanoporous graphene: efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction

A bottom-up approach was introduced to prepare nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped multilayer graphene with a high dopant content and well-developed porosity, which leads to high catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction with the comparable onset overpotential (0.12 V) and Tafel slope (79 mV per decade) to some of the traditional metallic catalysts.